Microsoft buys Skype service for $8.5 billion

Microsoft on Tuesday placed its biggest bet yet - $8.5 billion for Internet voice and video communications company Skype - on a deal the software giant hopes will help it better compete in a world shifting away from desktop computers.
During a news conference in San Francisco, Microsoft Chief Executive Officer Steve Ballmer announced the all-cash deal for Skype and outlined grand plans to bring the technology to a wider audience of consumers and business customers.
Those plans included the potential for video chats between game players on Microsoft's popular Xbox platform, Internet audio calls by business associates through the Outlook e-mail program, or mobile conferencing through Windows Phone.
The deal - Microsoft's most expensive acquisition - also snatched Skype out of the hands of other potential suitors, which reportedly included Google and Facebook.
Even though analysts questioned the price and Microsoft's spotty record of digesting companies it buys, the Redmond, Wash., firm stands to gain a bigger presence in mobile communications just as people shift away from the desktop computers that made Microsoft the world's most dominant software company.
"By bringing together the best of Microsoft and the best of Skype, we will empower people around the world with new technologies that should bring them closer together," an effusive Ballmer said.
Skype, which is based in Luxembourg, offers free voice and video communications over the Internet, a popular alternative to standard telephone calls, especially over long distances.

Net losses

The company makes money from charging for premium services such as group video conferencing and calls made to regular phones. Yet Skype posted a net loss of $7 million last year on revenue of $860 million, and has lost money in four of the past five years.
But Skype brings Microsoft a large customer base - more than 660 million registered members worldwide, including 107 million who use the service at least once a month. Those users log in for about 100 minutes each per month, according to Skype.
"We think this allows us to extend from hundreds of millions to literally billions," said Skype CEO Tony Bates, who will become president of a newly created Microsoft Skype division if the deal passes the normal regulatory hurdles. "We believe this is a platform and a set of services that can reach everyone on the planet."
Skype was created in 2003 by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis, the software developers who also created the file-sharing network Kazaa. They sold Skype in 2006 to San Jose's eBay Inc. for $2.6 billion.
Analysts were always skeptical about eBay's plans to use Skype to better connect buyers and sellers, and were not surprised when the online auction firm sold most of its stake at a loss four years later to private investors led by Silver Lake Partners and venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

The failed eBay-Skype marriage was even injected into the 2010 California gubernatorial race as an issue raised by opponents of GOP candidate Meg Whitman, the former eBay chief executive who engineered the deal.

Broader plan

But analysts said Microsoft has a broader plan to integrate Skype into a variety of products, including Lync, a business communications product, Xbox Live, Kinect, Outlook and Hotmail.
"With eBay, it was more of a one-trick pony," said Irene Berlinsky, senior analyst with the research firm IDC.
Ballmer also pledged to keep Skype available on non-Microsoft platforms, which include mobile operating systems made by Google and Apple that compete directly with the fledgling Windows Phone.
That may help Microsoft avoid alienating wireless carriers because it couple help bring in new data plan subscribers, Berlinsky said.
"Skype is one of those applications that make people excited to have a data plan," she said.
Bern Elliot, research vice president for Gartner Research, said the two companies were "complimentary."
"Microsoft is strong in the enterprise market and has struggled a bit more in the consumer markets," he said. "Skype, on the other hand, has been stronger in consumer than in business markets."
Skype had filed to become a publicly traded company. But Ballmer said Microsoft decided to make an unsolicited offer to Silver Lake after talking to the company about potential advertising partnerships.
"We all got excited about it," Ballmer said. "Skype was on a path to IPO, and we said, 'Hey, we think at least from our perspective, it would be better if we owned this company.' "

Pakistan's Floods Caused By US HAARP Technology?

All started suddenly and thousands died, millions displaced, hundreds of villages vanished in the matter of just 4 days!!…strangely there were no weather warnings, no alarms.. these are the worst floods in the history of Pakistan BUT no one from Global MET offices could even trace what is going on in this region?

We have investigated this matter and concluded that HAARP has recently been used in NW area of Pakistan .. the choice of starting point was perfect.. all the flood is going in downstream i.e. Khyber (Hills) to Karachi (Sea)… it is designed to submerge entire Pakistan and bring up the worst crises and chaos ever happened.. they know they cant win a war with Nuclear armed Pakistan – it would be a mutual destruction, so they have other ways to do it!.

HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program) is a little-known, yet critically important U.S. military defense program which has generated quite a bit of controversy over the years in certain circles. Though denied by HAARP officials, some respected researchers allege that secret electromagnetic warfare capabilities of HAARP are designed to forward the US military’s stated goal of achieving full-spectrum dominance by the year 2020. Others go so far as to claim that HAARP can and has been used for weather modification, to cause earthquakes and tsunamis, to disrupt global communications systems, and more. HAARP: Secret Weapon Used For Weather Modification, Electromagnetic Warfare – Videos

I have noticed a trend. Now, many skeptics will come in here and make gratuitous claims that what we are experiencing weather wise is simply mother nature, and others will claim that global warming is taking its affect.

I am under a different impression. For instance, has anyone noticed that almost every other year there is a new weather crisis that stays focused merely on that particular phenomenon? For instance, in 2005, the only thing that was occurring was Hurricanes. You didn’t hear about tornadoes, mudslides, tsunamis or volcanoes…it was simply Hurricanes. Lets take a look at some of this stuff…shall we?

2005: We had Hurricane Katrina, Dennis, Emily, Rita and Wilma. Hurricane Katrina was especially strange since it was the only Hurricane on record EVER to sit for 2 days inland without any movement. This is an anomaly since it takes movement in order to keep the storm active. Not only was this the most active season in recorded history, but, it also had two of the strongest measured Hurricanes in recorded history. Katrina and Rita.
Lets back up and look at 2004: 2004 marked the year of the Tsunami. Remember the non-stop media coverage? It was as if nothing else existed, and the only real weather was tsunami weather. This site gives a comprehensive list of the tsunamis that have occurred in the last decade.
2007 brought one of the worst flood seasons in the history of mankind. No one was discussing Hurricanes, tornadoes, or earthquakes…this year was all about floods. Take a look.
Now, lets look at 2008: 2008 brought the most and deadliest tornadoes in the past decade. There were no floods that year. There weren’t any Hurricanes happening, and if there were, no one cared because Tornadoes were the main topic of interest. In almost every place in the Midwest, there were tornadoes popping up in every back alley crevice you could find. The media was all over it, and these storms were steadily increasing in power.
Now lets look at the end of 2009 into 2010. EARTHQUAKES.
This seems to be a fad like no other. Not only are they increasing in power, but, they are also increasing in frequency.
Chicago as well as Indiana, Chile (twice), Haiti, Turkey, Afghanistan, China, Okinawa, etc etc
Now, skeptics will tell you…”No big deal. Earthquakes happen all the time.”…and, for all intensive purposes, they’re right. But, there aren’t too many average people out there who haven’t noticed that there seems to be a weird trend with all of these earthquakes that just keep popping up.

So…here’s my point. We’ve been through all this before in many threads discussing the possibilities of whether there are governments who have the capabilities of weather control. After looking at these trends that continue to occur, it seems that every year, or every other year, a new phenomenon of weather jumps out, and consistently pounds the earth until another one takes its place. You could look at this as something that is merely seasonal and that, indeed, there are natural weather changes that are taking place on the planet that are increasingly getting worse (some love this idea and grip to it as if it were the only possibility), or, you could look at it as someone playing with a toy that they are trying to perfect. And each year they pick a new disaster to play with until they’ve honed it into a finely tuned instrument.

Now, if you haven’t noticed these trends, or put them together in this sort of order and fashion, you might want to entertain the possibility that there are things being manipulated right in front of your very eyes.

Folks…there was purple snow in Russia. PURPLE. We recently had a never before seen sky spiral in Norway on the day Obama accepted the peace prize, and I don’t care how you try to rationalize it, that was pretty screwed up. There was a tetrahedron floating above the Kremlin on the same day, although the favorite thing to say is…HOAX!!! People in Chile saw the sky changing colors in the middle of the night as the earthquake destroyed their city…it was 3am out there, so in the blackness of night, they were watching the sky change colors where there is an absence of color (Black). The same thing was viewed about 20-30 minutes before the earthquake in China. In Antarctica right now, there is some sort of microbe that is giving the landscape the appearance as if it were bleeding. (And the rivers shall turn red with blood) But, I’m sure someone is going to try to tell me that its perfectly normal. A bunch of birds, 100 exactly, recently were flying in a flock together and somehow, they died in the same place in the sky, and then fell in the same yard, within the same space, curled up and with blood leaking from their beaks and nasal passages.

U.S. PATENT ISSUED FOR MIND CONTROL THROUGH HAARP TYPE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

A silent communications system in which nonaural carriers, in the very low or very high audio frequency range or in the adjacent ultrasonic frequency spectrum, are amplitude or frequency modulated with the desired intelligence and propagated acoustically or vibrationally, for inducement into the brain, typically through the use of loudspeakers, earphones or piezoelectric transducers. The modulated carriers may be transmitted directly in real time or may be conveniently recorded and stored on mechanical, magnetic or optical media for delayed or repeated transmission to the listener."

In the beginning of our Seminar 3 discussion of HAARP technology to control the weather and to use weather as a weapon against us, we present the United Nations' Treaty prohibiting such warfare and ask the rhetorical question:  If man cannot control the weather and use it as a weapon, why do you need an international treaty prohibiting such a weapon?  Laws on the books in every state in the Union regulating cars prove the existence of cars; laws on the international books prohibiting weather warfare prove the ability to control the weather first and the ability to use weather as a weapon secondly.

Likewise, this patent to allow the inventor the exclusive right to create, and market, the technology to use certain frequencies for "inducement into the brain" prove the technology exists and is being used in one form or another for Mind Control.  We suspect that the Illuminist government of ours currently is able to control the minds electromagnetically of people whom they have individually programmed, such as is the case in the school shootings, where the shooters had been previously heavily involved in the occult.  However, our government is also moving full-speed ahead to the point where they can program minds enmasse prior to the time they want to actually begin controlling minds of entire populations.  From the U.S. Patent website we can see that this inventor references scientific work done as far back as 1962 [Ibid.].  Therefore, we know that certain segments of science have been working steadily on this project, to control the minds of people.

Certainly, a "silent subliminal presentation system" utilizing electromagnetic radio which no one can see, hear, or smell would certainly hold the promise of controlling people's minds.  Further, if none of the slaves knew that they were being manipulated, or how they were being manipulated , you have the potential of people living lives of slavery without realizing they were slaves!  How delicious this prospect must be to the Illuminists who want so desperately to control the entire population of Mother Earth!

CONFIRMATION OF HAARP-TYPE TRANSMISSIONS USED IN SCHOOL SHOOTINGS

When we published NEWS1344, depicting the occult map of the six school shootings and then tied those shootings in with elevated levels of HAARP, we received some skeptical emails.  People just could not, would not, or did not want, to believe that the human mind could be so manipulated.  And, I completely understand their reluctance to so believe; they did not want the terror of thinking that they could be controlled by leaders hostile to their well-being.  People in the Nazi era similarly reacted to overwhelming evidence that Hitler was achieving dictatorial power and that he was deadly serious in his published threats [in Mein Kampf ] to murder Jews, Christians, and others.

In the news group, NewsHawk, we have found corroborating evidence that this type of "Silent Sound" electromagnetic radio transmissions was culpable in at least one of the school shootings on this Satanic map. "This could well be going on in other regions of the U.S. as well. In fact, we at NewsHawk® believe this is almost certainly the case and is very likely a factor in the unheard-of, unprecedented spate of mass murders which have been occurring throughout the U.S. in recent years.  Highly respected author Alex Constantine, one the the preeminent researchers into the covert government's MANY 'mind-control' projects, specifically told NewsHawk® that "Silent Sound" transmissions were directly involved in the Jonesboro, Ark. mass school shootings in March, 1998."

As we demonstrated in our article, above, on the Satanic School Shooting Map, highly elevated HAARP levels preceded most of the school shootings at least 3 1/2 to 13 hours prior to the beginning of the shootings.  In the couple of shootings where the elevated levels were moderate, they were still elevated over the norm.  Our webmaster viewed dozens of days to see what "normal" HAARP levels were, and discovered that the norm was for the signal to remain very flat horizontally.  Even slight elevations of electromagnetic levels seemed to be able to produce a killing response in the person previously programmed. 

We discovered, earlier this year as we were doing research into school shootings, that the shooters had one factor in common:  they were participating in occult activities.   In fact, most of them were so into the occult that they were feared by the rest of the student population.  I have spoken with Christian author, Cisco Wheeler, who has co-authored several books on Mind Control with Fritz Springmeier, about this situation of the shooters previously being occultists.  Cisco said that these shooters were not only into Satan worship themselves, but were victims of Generational Witchcraft.  This term means that someone on either side of the family had been practicing witchcraft at some point in their genealogy.  Maybe the culprit was Mom or Dad, or maybe the Grandparents, but each of these shooters were in Generational Witchcraft families.  The Bible speaks to this issue when God says:  "Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them [Satanic idols], nor serve them [witchcraft]: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. [Generational Witchcraft ]" [Exodus 20:5]

CURRENT "EXPERIMENTATION" OF HAARP TYPE MIND CONTROL ON US!

In an effort to bring this whole subject a little closer to home, let us continue with this story, quoted above, on this microwave technology being used for Mind Control.  This time, we move from the subject of certain individuals who might have been programmed [which is frightening enough] to entire populations being controlled [which is the stuff of horror shows].

"NewsHawk® is at this very moment investigating the use of "Silent Sound" transmissions and/or related EM/RF technology applied as a mass mood/mind control operation in Northern California: apparently intended to induce (violent) psychosis in targeted subjects. Targeted subjects, in this case, would include upwards of probably two million human beings!!"

Now let us make sure we get this information straight!  Northern Californians, maybe as many as 2,000,000 people, are being silently bombarded with HAARP-type radio transmissions in exactly the same frequency as all human brains normally function, in an effort to perfect the capability to control the moods and/or minds of entire subjected populations!  If this scenario sounds like Science Fiction, or like Orwell's 1984 , you are right on target.  But, will these signals affect normal, ordinary people?  Listen to more of this article:

"Experts we have spoken with believe that such mentally destabilizing signals would, naturally, most strongly and primarily affect individuals whose grip on mental/emotional equilibrium is less than solid; but EVERYONE within range of the transmissions would have distinctly negative reactions to some extent or other." [Emphasis was in the original]

While these "mentally destabilizing signals" would primarily affect people who are on the fringe of mental stability, everyone will feel somewhat mentally distressed.  How many jobs in Northern California have been lost because people could not function anymore at the consistent level demanded by the employer?  How many marriages have been ruined?  How many careers have been ruined?  How many teenagers, who are normally mentally and emotionally stressed anyway as they are going through these trying years, have been pushed overboard into real emotional or mental disturbance?  We shall never know, and the Mass Media will never report a story like this.

Most people want to believe their elected and unelected officials have their best interests at heart.  People will believe heinous acts by government officials might occur because of negligence, or selfishness, or by criminal acts; but, no one wants to believe their government officials have a specific agenda designed to destroy the lives of its citizens.  To believe this is to stay up all night, every night, worrying about whether you might be the next target.

Normal, everyday Germans during the time of Adolf Hitler found themselves in the same quandary. Despite the fact that Adolf had publicly published Mein Kampf , in which he told the Jews and others he was going to murder them all, most Jews refused to believe.  They found all sorts of excuses to not believe.  When the killing began in earnest, and many non-Jewish Germans came face-to-face with some of the evidence, most of them refused to even consider the possibility that such murder on such a scale could ever take place.  Even German citizens living in close proximity to the mass murder facilities refused to even believe that the smell of burning human flesh that was pouring forth from the chimneys 24 hours per day could possibly be human.  They discounted the sightings of countless railcars going to these facilities full of people and leaving empty.  Just before the end of the war, when the Allies broke the story of such atrocities, one German woman wrote to her friend that "someone should tell Adolf of these terrible things; he surely does not know"!

What is your reaction to these truths being shared with you now?  Are you going to be a believer or are you going to bury your head in the sand deeper and deeper?

THE TIMING OF THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA HAARP EXPERIMENTS

When were these experiments being carried out against the unsuspecting tax-paying citizens of Northern California?  Let us return back to this article.  "This activity has been ongoing for most of 1999--with a pause of a couple of months or so during the summer (the perpetrators were obviously busy elsewhere!). These signals, primarily in the ULF (ultra-low-frequency) and ELF frequency range, have been recorded on a variety of equipment by several researchers and are in the process of being analyzed. During the many months these signals have been broadcast, they have been transmitting TWENTY-FOUR hours a day, EVERY DAY!!" [Emphasis was in the original]

One of the details of these experiments that need to be "analyzed" is the fact that, once a specific frequency for a certain type of brain function is proven, that frequency of transmission can be recorded on a computer.  NewsHawk explains the science behind this insidious effort. "The purpose of all this high technology is to plot and display a moving cluster of periodic brainwave signals. The illustration shows an EEG display from a single individual, taken of left and right hemispheres simultaneously ... By using these computer-enhanced EEGs, scientists can identify and isolate the brain's low-amplitude 'emotion signature clusters', synthesize them and store them on another computer. In other words, by studying the subtle characteristic brainwave patterns that occur when a subject experiences a particular emotion, scientists have been able to identify the concomitant brainwave pattern and can now duplicate it . These clusters are then placed on the Silent Sound[TM] carrier frequencies and will silently trigger the occurrence of the same basic emotion in another human being!" [Ibid]

In layman's language, once these specific frequencies that causes a certain emotion or thought is precisely identified so exactly that a "fingerprint" of it can be made and stored on a computer, then this "fingerprint" can be sent out over other types of Mass Media!  In other words, the frequency of brain wave that is proven to cause suicidal thoughts, for example, can be recorded by computer and then subliminally sent out via radio programs or TV shows!  Or, if the government wants to cause huge numbers of people to suddenly go into depression, or into euphoria, they can emit the recorded signals via radio or TV and reach the entire population over a period of time!

This capability can even implant specific thoughts or commands into the minds of people.  Huge numbers of people within a population can suddenly receive simultaneous thoughts or commands, causing many numbers of them to suddenly carry out the command.  If the command is to "kill anyone", you suddenly might have large numbers of unexplained violent assaults by people who have never committed crimes before.  Of course, the application to Biblical prophecy is direct and very serious for citizens living in the End Times.  Listen:

"And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast." [Revelation 13:3] Notice the word, "all" in this sentence.  All the peoples of the world looked upon the Beast [Antichrist] with amazement and awe.  The Bible then tells us exactly what "all " the peoples of the world were saying in unison. 

"And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?" [Revelation 13:4]

"All" the peoples of the world will be simultaneously amazed and thrilled by Antichrist.  This admiration will lead "all" the peoples of the world to "worship" the dragon [Satan] and his man, the beast [Antichrist].  As I have read the volumes of material on the New World Order Plan, I realized that their #1 goal was to successfully stage their New Age Christ -- Maitreya is his name.  Their #1 goal after Maitreya is successfully staged is to lead all the peoples of the world into a worship of him, a worship of him as God. New Age author, David Spangler, stated this part of the Plan most succinctly.

"No one will enter the New World Order unless he or she will make a pledge to worship Lucifer. No one will enter the New Age unless he will take a Luciferian Initiation", David Spangler,Director of Planetary Initiative, United Nations. [

But, then, Spangler chills the soul of any Born Again Christian who knows their Bible generally and prophecy of Revelation specifically.  "The light that reveals to us the presence of the Christ comes from Lucifer. He is the light-giver, he is aptly named the Morning Star because it is his light that heralds for man the dawn of a great consciousness.  He stands as the Great Initiator, the one who hands the soul over to the Christ." [Ibid]

Did you get that last sentence?  Lucifer is the "one who hands the soul over to the Christ" for worship.  Wow! How much more bold and Biblical can you get?  The New Age Plan of the New World Order Kingdom of Antichrist is to so prepare mankind through the workings of Lucifer as the "Great Initiator" so that he can hand each soul of each person over to Antichrist.  Isn't this just what prophecy declares?

"If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:  And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name." [Revelation 14:9-11]

"And the first [Angel] went, and poured out his vial upon the earth; and there fell a noisome and grievous sore upon the men which had the mark of the beast, and upon them which worshipped his image." [Revelation 16:2]

"And the fifth angel poured out his vial upon the seat of the beast; and his kingdom was full of darkness; and they gnawed their tongues for pain, And blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores, and repented not of their deeds." [Revelation 16:10-11]  We can see here that God considers all people who have had their souls delivered to The Christ [Antichrist] as being of "his kingdom", and they are all brought into Divine Judgment.

Conversely, we see the reward God heaps on those who refuse to follow the Antichrist.  "... I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years." [Revelation 20:4]

CONCLUSION

We must conclude that, if Antichrist has the capability to condition entire populations and to trigger the response they wish on most of the people, the fact that significant numbers of people refuse to give in to this efficient Mind Control must mean that God is Divinely protecting His own.  We see huge numbers of people being saved in the 7-year Tribulation Period, and we see those people getting specific rewards for just such resistance.  Therefore, God has to be protecting His own people. 

At the conclusion of NEWS1344, concerning the occult map of the USA being used in the school shootings, we presented three Scriptures promising that God does "seal" His own people from Satan.  Let us look now at Psalm 91 for other such reassurances.

Read carefully verses 1 and 2, for the promises God gives below are reserved for someone who carefully and daily fulfills the conditions in these two verses.  These promises are reserved for someone who "dwells" in the "secret place of the Most High", who depends solely on the power of the Lord for protection.

"Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome [deadly] pestilence." [Verse 3]  Notice the firm promise word, "shall", not "might" or "maybe", but "shall".

"Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day; Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday." [Verses 5-6]  We are instructed not to be afraid of anything the enemy of our souls -- Satan -- can throw our way, including the most powerful Illuminist Witchcraft in the world, or their high technology.

"A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee. Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked."  A thousand people may fall at our side, and ten thousand may fall at our right side, but the true believer in Jesus Christ shall not be affected.

"Because you have made the Lord your refuge, and the Most High your dwelling place, there shall no evil befall you, nor any plague or calamity come near your tent.  For He will give His angels special charge over you to accompany and defend and preserve you in all your ways of obedience and service.  They shall bear you up on their hands, lest you cast your foot against a stone.  You shall tread upon the lion and the adder; the young lion and the serpent shall you trample underfoot." [Psalm 91:9-13, Parallel Bible, KJV/Amplified Bible Commentary].

God will prevent His people from falling prey to these insidious technological breakthroughs.  Make no mistake about the fact that Satan is revealing these secrets to massive Mind Control just as fast as God allows him to reveal them.  But, this "calamity shall not come near you", God promises.

With King David, "I give myself unto prayer." [Psalm 109:4]

Truly, the sudden advent of population-wide Mind Control in the hands of the Satanic Illuminati is one more sign of the End of the Age.  Are you spiritually ready? Is your family? Are you adequately protecting your loved ones? This is the reason for this ministry, to enable you to first understand the peril facing you, and then help you develop strategies to warn and protect your loved ones. Once you have been thoroughly trained, you can also use your knowledge as a means to open the door of discussion with an unsaved person. I have been able to use it many times, and have seen people come to Jesus Christ as a result. These perilous times are also a time when we can reach many souls for Jesus Christ, making an eternal difference.

If you have accepted Jesus Christ as your personal Savior, but have been very lukewarm in your spiritual walk with Him, you need to immediately ask Him for forgiveness and for renewal. He will instantly forgive you, and fill your heart with the joy of the Holy Spirit. Then, you need to begin a daily walk of prayer and personal Bible Study.

If you have never accepted Jesus Christ as Savior, but have come to realize His reality and the approaching End of the Age, and want to accept His FREE Gift of Eternal Life, you can also do so now, in the privacy of your home. Once you accept Him as Savior, you are spiritually Born Again, and are as assured of Heaven as if you were already there. Then, you can rest assured that the Kingdom of Antichrist will not touch you spiritually.

Terrorists In The News

Secretary Cohen: Senator Nunn, thank you very much. As Senator Nunn has indicated, he and I have worked for many years together, along with Senator Lugar. The two of these gentlemen I feel are perhaps the most courageous and visionary to have served in the Senate. They were largely responsible, of course, for adopting the so-called Nunn/Lugar legislation.
I'll comment on that later during the course of the morning, but I've had occasion to meet with a number of Russian counterparts, and as we go through various translations of the communications that we're having, the two words they are able to articulate very clearly, they say 'Nunn/Lugar, Nunn/Lugar. So they know exactly what that means, and that means the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act that these two gentlemen were indispensable in shepherding through the United States Congress.
It was Nunn/Lugar I that dealt with the reduction of nuclear weapons between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of trying to come to grips with how we helped the Russians dismantle hundreds of their nuclear weapons, and also helped them with their destruction of chemical weapons. But they, of course, have looked beyond simply that particular relationship, which is very important, but also looking to the future that we face as far as the rise of terrorism ­ both international and domestic; and finding ways in which the Department of Defense can become involved in helping local states and local agencies to deal with the threat of terrorism which is quite likely to increase in the coming years.
It's a pleasure for me to be here. Both Senator Nunn and Senator Lugar are close friends and I look forward to, I think, a very productive seminar. Once again demonstrating that although Senator Nunn has left public service in the Senate, he has not left public service as far as the nation is concerned.
It's a pleasure for me to be here, Sam.
Senator Nunn: Thank you very much, Bill.
...Let me ask if there are any questions for Secretary of Defense Cohen.
Q: The dual containment policy in Iran and Iraq, do you think that's conducive to regional stability in that region? And do you think (it) can cause further terrorism in the United States? That type of containment policy in the Middle East.
A: I think Secretary Albright articulated our policy as far as dealing with Iraq, that it's clear that we have been unable to strike any kind of a productive relationship with Saddam Hussein, and as soon as Saddam Hussein is no longer the head of that government, that there's new regime that follows him, that we will look forward to finding ways in which we could engage them in a much more productive fashion, particularly after they comply with all of the UN sanctions. There's an eagerness on our part to do that. But I think as long as he remains in office as the head of that state, it's unlikely that we could have anything but the current policy in place, with very little prospects for relief.
With respect to Iran, I think Iran continues to present a long term threat to the region. They are acquiring and have acquired weapons of mass destruction, substantial levels of chemicals and we believe biological weapons as well. They have made an effort to acquire nuclear capability. So I think that our policy of dual containment is the right one, and we are going to encourage our allies to support that one.
Q: What does it mean that Clinton (inaudible) proliferation?
A: To the extent that we see the level of communication available today, the Internet and other types of interwoven communicative skills and abilities, we're going to see information continue to spread as to how these weapons can be, in fact, manufactured in a home-grown laboratory, as such. So it's a serious problem as far as living in the information age that people who are acquiring this kind of information will not act responsibly, but rather act in a terrorist type of fashion.
We've seen by way of example of the World Trade Center the international aspects of international terrorism coming to our home territory. We've also seen domestic terrorism with the Oklahoma bombing. So it's a real threat that's here today. It's likely to intensify in the years to come as more and more groups have access to this kind of information and the ability to produce them
Q: How prepared is the U.S. Government to deal with (inaudible)?
A: I think we have to really intensify our efforts. That's the reason for the Nunn/Lugar II program. That's the reason why it's a local responsibility, as such, but the Department of Defense is going to be taking the lead as far as supervising the interagency working groups, and to make the assessments as to what needs to be done. So we're going to identify those 120 cities and work with them very closely to make sure that they can prepare themselves for what is likely to be a threat well into the future.
Q: Let me ask you specifically about last week's scare here in Washington, and what we might have learned from how prepared we are to deal with that (inaudible), at B'nai Brith.
A: Well, it points out the nature of the threat. It turned out to be a false threat under the circumstances. But as we've learned in the intelligence community, we had something called ‹ and we have James Woolsey here to perhaps even address this question about phantom moles. The mere fear that there is a mole within an agency can set off a chain reaction and a hunt for that particular mole which can paralyze the agency for weeks and months and years even, in a search. The same thing is true about just the false scare of a threat of using some kind of a chemical weapon or a biological one. There are some reports, for example, that some countries have been trying to construct something like an Ebola Virus, and that would be a very dangerous phenomenon, to say the least. Alvin Toeffler has written about this in terms of some scientists in their laboratories trying to devise certain types of pathogens that would be ethnic specific so that they could just eliminate certain ethnic groups and races; and others are designing some sort of engineering, some sort of insects that can destroy specific crops. Others are engaging even in an eco-type of terrorism whereby they can alter the climate, set off earthquakes, volcanoes remotely through the use of electromagnetic waves.
So there are plenty of ingenious minds out there that are at work finding ways in which they can wreak terror upon other nations. It's real, and that's the reason why we have to intensify our efforts, and that's why this is so important.
Q: What response to (inaudible)?
A: We hope we will have access to the defector. In fact I was recently in South Korea and talked with various officials in South Korea. As soon as they complete their own interrogation of this defector, we will have access to that individual. But much of what he has said to date is reflected in the writings that he prepared last year. This is prior to his defection. One would not expect a potential defector to be writing about anything other than what the official doctrine or dogma is of the North Korean government at that time. He is saying essentially what we have known for a long, long time. Namely, that North Korea poses a very serious threat against South Korea, and potentially even Japan, by virtue of having the fourth largest army in the world, by having 600,000 or more troops poised within 100 kilometers of Seoul, of possessing many SCUD missiles, also the potential of chemically armed warheads, the attempt to acquire nuclear weapons. So we know they have this potential, and the question really is going to be what's in their hearts and minds at this point? Do they intend to try to launch such an attack in the immediate, foreseeable future? That we can only speculate about, but that's the reason why we are so well prepared to defend against such an attack to deter it; and to send a message that it would be absolutely an act of suicide for the North Koreans to launch an attack. They could do great damage in the short run, but they would be devastated in response. So we're hoping we can find ways to bring them to the bargaining table ­ the Party of Four Talks ­ and see if we can't put them on a path toward peace instead of threatening any kind of devastating attack upon the South.
Q: ...a little bit about the situation in (inaudible)?
A: I really don't have much more information than has been in the press at this point. The Department has not been called upon to act in this regard just yet, so I'm not at liberty to give you any more information than you already have
Q: ...the Administration's plans to expand NATO to more European countries. Is there a terrorism element? Or will expanding NATO help you in any way in terms of (inaudible)? Or is it really unrelated?
A: I think the two are unrelated. There is a legitimate debate that will take place in terms of the pace of enlargement or whether there should be enlargement. Secretary Albright and I testified last week before the Senate Armed Services Committee, and it was a very, I think, productive debate. It's something that Senator Nunn, I think, feels very strongly about as well. The two of us, I think, found ourselves on the Senate Floor last year saying it was time for the American people to start debating this issue. So it's very important and there will be legitimate differences of opinion, but it's important that we bring this to the Senate for full debate and disclosure, and bring it to the American people. But I doubt if it's related to the spread of terrorism whatsoever

Haarp Updates

HAARP continues to occupy a significant amount of our attention and has remained the focus of much of our current work. We have had the opportunity to speak out about this project in numerous radio and television programs. In addition, a number of news articles have begun to be published throughout the country on this very important subject. We are thankful to all of the media people which have granted us time to bring our work out in front of the citizenry. The issue has not slowed down in terms of general interest in the topic. The story has served as a catalyst for involvement in political and governmental affairs for many individuals.
We have received a number of articles and news clippings from across the country which has provided a good deal of material for use in this publication. One of the most interesting pieces of information arrived just after the book was published.
An article, "Behind the Russian SDI Offer: A Scientific, Technological, and Strategic Revolution", appeared in the magazine 21st Century in the summer of 1993. The article was based on a front page story appearing in a Soviet government newspaper, Izvestia, on April 2, 1993. The article disclosed a whole new area of science and invited the United States to participate in the joint development of this new technology in a "Star Wars" weapons program. The initiative indicated that the Russians were far ahead in many of the areas important to the development of this "Star Wars" technology. One of the key components of the Russian technology was their greater understanding of "nonlinear" processes involved in the generation, propagation and absorption of powerful pulses of electro-magnetic radiations.
What are "nonlinear" processes? This relates to the idea of a small input of additional energy creating a disproportionally larger output of energy. A research scientist, Al Zielinski, recently sent us the following example of nonlinear effects:

Experiment #1

Imagine we had an unlimited amount of dominoes and we lined them up from here to, let's say, Paris. Then we could tip the first domino with 10 grams; it will fall down and cause the second domino to tumble, too, etc. The first action of 10 grams will cause all the dominoes to tumble including the last domino in Paris.
From this experiment we should understand that it is not the 10 gram action that causes all the dominoes to tumble, but the 10 gram action just creates an imbalance of the first domino. It is the gravity, however, that causes the dominoes to fall. In other words: only a 10 gram action is required to trigger a gravitational activity of all our dominoes from here to Paris.

Experiment #2

Imagine we had an unlimited amount of special dominoes of which only the first one we line up here is of normal size, and all the subsequent dominoes we line up again from here to Paris are of continuously increased size. By the time we reached Paris, the last domino block would be 1000 meters high and weigh millions of tons. Again we tip the first domino here with 10 grams, which will fall down causing all the subsequent dominoes to tumble. By the time the gravitational action reaches Paris, the last domino in Paris will smash the Eiffel Tower.
From this experiment we should understand that it is not the 10 gram action here that will smash the Eiffel Tower in Paris, but it is the gravitational energy that is picked up on the way to Paris that smashes the Eiffel Tower.
In other words: only a 10 gram action is required to trigger a non-linear gravitational activity which will cause the destruction of the Eiffel Tower.
With the above examples in mind imagine the nonlinear effects of 1 billion watts of effective radiated power being directed at the ionosphere by the HAARP transmitter. This is the first phase capability of the project. The second phase will increase the effective radiated power levels even further -- to 4.7 billion watts! In our book we point out that energy in certain frequencies when reaching the outermost portions of the ionosphere can be amplified up to 1000 times by natural processes. This phenomena has been recorded by scientists at UCLA who have observed the results of these power amplifications at a fraction of the power level which HAARP will transfer to this region. This is extremely important in considering what may occur with this level of energy. A serious environmental disaster may well be the result.

The earlier referenced article from 21st Century magazine goes on to describe the implications of the use of phased array antennas and their potentials at 1 billion watt power levels. This is the antenna array HAARP uses and the level of power it is designed to broadcast. What the article describes is a system which can be used for knocking down missiles and aircraft by effecting their guidance systems and creating atmospheric disturbances which lead to them crashing. They also talk about the ability, at lower power levels, to be able to look down from the ionosphere and detect cruise missiles and other incoming objects utilizing what was described as an advanced form of radar. Again this is exactly what has been described in the HAARP patents.
Plasma is a term for an electrically conductive state of matter generated from a gas. It can be created by action of extreme heat, powerful electromagnetic fields and by high levels of focused radio frequency energy such as the energy created with the HAARP instrument. 21st Century magazine suggests that, "The term plasmoid refers to the fact that under certain conditions a plasma can develop a self-contained, self-stabilizing structure based on the magnetic and other effects of internal configurations of electric currents within the plasma." This particular concept is important when referring to the concept of "painting the ionosphere" which was described by the military in the HAARP documents. This is in fact what the military will do with HAARP for certain applications. These plasmas are much different than those described in fusion research in that they involve very low electron energies. What is known is that although they are "cool" by comparison to fusion plasmas they are remarkably long lived and strong when generated in certain gases. Those specific gases include nitrogen and oxygen, the major components of the earth's atmosphere!
So what does all of this translate into? According to the article it is suggested that this technology can be used for modifying the ionosphere over very large areas for "over-the-horizons" telecommunications disruption, creating computer errors and perhaps even creating negative biological effects. What is known from other government documents, HAARP planning documents and International Red Cross documents is that all of this is possible with these new systems. What is also known now is that a single complex system can combine radar tracking with a speed-of-light means of destruction - the plasmoid. This is but one application of HAARP. The writers of the 21st Century article were not acquainted with the patents regarding HAARP or they would have recognized that the United States military was not interested in the Russian overture of cooperation because we already possessed the means to produce these effects. What also rings throughout the article brings us back to where we began our research into the HAARP system two years ago - to the ideas of Nikola Tesla. A New York Times article of December 8, 1915 says:

"Nikola Tesla, the inventor, has filed patent applications on the essential parts of a machine, possibilities which test a layman's imagination and promise a parallel of Thor's shooting thunderbolts from the sky to punish those who had angered the gods...Suffice it to say that the invention will go through space with a speed of 300 miles a second, a manless ship without propelling engine or wings sent by electricity to any desired point on the globe on its errand of destruction, if destruction its manipulator wishes to effect."
'It is not a time,' said Dr. Tesla yesterday, 'to go into the details of this thing. It is founded upon a principle that means great things in peace; it can be used for great things in war. But I repeat, this is no time to talk of such things.'
'It is perfectly practicable to transmit electrical energy without wires and produce destructive effects at a distance. I have already constructed a wireless transmitter which makes this possible, and have described it in my technical publications, among which I refer to my patent number 1,119,732 recently granted. With transmitters of this kind we are enabled to project electrical energy in any amount to any distance and apply it for innumerable purposes, both in war and peace. Through the universal adoption of this system, ideal conditions for the maintenance of law and order will be realized, for then the energy necessary to the enforcement of right and justice will be normally productive, yet potential, and in any moment available, for attack and defense. The power transmitted need not be necessarily destructive, for, if distance is made to depend upon it, its withdrawal or supply will bring about the same results as those now accomplished by force of arms.'

A second article also appeared in the New York Times, on September 22, 1940 and read:

"Nikola Tesla, one of the truly great inventors, who celebrated his eighty-fourth birthday on July 10, tells the writer that he stands ready to divulge to the United States government the secret of his 'teleforce', with which, he said, airplane motors would be melted at a distance of 250 miles, so that an invisible Chinese Wall of Defense would be built around the country..."
"This 'teleforce', he said, is based upon an entirely new principle of physics that 'no one has ever dreamed about', different from the principle embodied in his inventions relating to the transmission of electrical power from a distance, for which he has received a number of basic patents. This new type of force, Mr. Tesla said, would operate through a beam one one hundred-millionth of a square centimeter in diameter, and could be generated from a special plant that would cost no more than $2,000,000 and would take only about three months to construct."
"The beam, he states, involves four new inventions, two of which already have been tested. One of these is a method and apparatus for producing rays 'and other manifestations of energy' in free air, eliminating the necessity for a high vacuum; a second is a method and process for producing 'very great electrical force'; the third is a method for amplifying this force and the fourth is a new method for producing 'a tremendous electrical repelling force'. This would be the projector, or gun, of the system. The voltage for propelling the beam to its objective, according to the inventor, will attain a potential of 50,000,000 volts."
"With this enormous voltage, he said, microscopic electrical particles of matter will be catapulted on their mission of defensive destruction. He has been working on this invention, he added, for many years and has recently made a number of improvements in it."

As the ideas reverberate through my mind I cannot help but to feel that we again are walking down a darkened road of destruction. We are again on a path which may in fact lead to greater problems than those we seek to solve by tampering with the ionosphere.
In March 1996 the military begins to demonstrate the earth-penetrating-tomography applications of this technology --the idea of "x-raying" the earth with ELF waves generated by HAARP. These waves will pass through every living thing in the path and may have perceptible effects on people's health. This demonstration of this capability is critical for the military to gain the additional funding for the second phase of their project. That phase was originally estimated at $175 million dollars and will give the military power levels of 4.7 billion watts of effective radiated power.
Politically, things are only beginning to move as the opposition to this project continues to grow. Researchers, independent scientists and most importantly lay people all over the world are beginning to let their ideas be felt on this very important issue. Elsewhere in this microbook is an essay on creating political realities. We ask all of our readers to consider taking a step for change and activating some of the ideas contained in that essay.

Waking up the Military

The primary support for our efforts in opposing the HAARP program has come from conservative organizations who have, over the last year, asked us where the environmental community was on the issue. We are pleased to be joined in our opposition to HAARP with what is quickly becoming a coalition of both conservative and liberal organizations. The true American character is demonstrated when issues of mutual importance can be embraced by diverse interest groups and, most importantly, by remarkable individuals.
Please forward your own letter to John Heckscher expressing your concerns and opinions on this project. May 8, 1996 John Heckscher PL/GPIA Hanscom AFB, MA. 01731-5000 Re: High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) Dear Mr. Heckscher,
Trustees for Alaska, on behalf of itself, Greenpeace, National Audubon Society, Alaska Center for the Environment, Sierra Club, Alaska Wildlife Alliance, Northern Alaska Environmental Center and National Wildlife Federation, hereby request that the United States Air Force prepare a supplement to the July 1993 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the operation of the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP). As you have correctly noted in various fora (including at the recent State of Alaska House of Representatives, State Affairs Committee HAARP Oversight Hearing), the Air Force has a continuing duty to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) by preparing a supplemental EIS should certain conditions be met.
As detailed below, given the apparent substantial changes in the project and significant new information relevant to environmental concerns about HAARP, we believe this duty has been triggered. Should the Air Force disagree as to the mandatory nature of this duty, we still request that a supplemental EIS be prepared using your discretionary authority to do so. Finally, the Air Force should fund and support an independent review and monitoring effort to alleviate the public's concerns about the project.

I. The National Environmental Policy Act

To put our request in context, and before we enter into a discussion of the changed factual circumstances mandating the preparation of a supplemental EIS, we set out a brief overview of the relevant legal structure. As you know, NEPA requires a federal agency to prepare an EIS whenever it undertakes a "major...action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment." 42U.S.C.'4332(2)(C). The Air Force recognized that HAARP triggered the NEPA duty to prepare an EIS and, in the summer of 1993, the Air Force, in cooperation with the Navy, released the Final Environmental Impact Statement for HAARP. See FEIS Volumes I and II (July 15, 1993). Later that year, the Air Force issued its decision to proceed with the project. See Record of Decision (ROD) (October 18, 1993).
The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is the principal agency responsible for the administration of NEPA. 42U.S.C.'4342. CEQ has enacted regulations implementing NEPA. 40 C.F.R. 1500.1 et seq. The CEQ regulations require federal agencies to supplement an EIS when: (i) The agency makes substantial changes in the proposed action that are relevant to environmental concerns; or (ii) There are significant new circumstances or information relevant to environmental concerns and bearing on the proposed action or its impacts. 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.9(c)(1).
In addition to the CEQ regulations, each federal agency has its own set of regulations adapting the CEQ regulations to the activities of each agency. See e.g. 32 C.F.R. Part 187 (Department of Defense); 32 C.F.R. Part 989 (Department of the Air Force); 32 C.F.R. Part 775 (Department of the Navy). Consistent with the CEQ regulations, the Department of Defense regulations require EIS supplementation when: substantial changes to the proposed action are made relative to the environment of the global commons or when significant new information or circumstances, relevant to environmental concerns, bears on the proposed action or its environmental effects on the global commons. 32 C.F.R. Part 187, Enclosure 1, para. D4; see also 32 C.F.R. Part 18, Enclosure 1, para. D4 (requiring supplementation for Department of Defense actions with effects in the United States); 32 C.F.R. 989.20(b) (same for the Air Force).
As the United States Supreme Court has stated, the test for supplementation is based on a "rule of reason": If there remains a "major federal action" to occur, and if the new information is sufficient to show that the remaining action will "affect the quality of the human environment" in a significant manner or to a significant extent not already considered, a supplemental . . . [impact statement] must be prepared. Marsh v. Oregon Natural Resources Council, 490 U.S. 360, 373-74 (1989).
Finally, an agency also has the discretion to prepare a supplement to an EIS if it "determines that the purposes of [NEPA] will be furthered by doing so." 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.9(c)(2).

II. Factual Background

As you know, in late 1993, the Air Force, in cooperation with the Navy, began construction of HAARP in Gakona, Alaska. The main element of HAARP is a large radio wave transmitter which "utilize[s] powerful, high frequency (HF) transmissions and a variety of associated observational instruments to investigate naturally occurring and artificially induced ionospheric processes that support, enhance or degrade the propagation of radio waves." ROD at 1. Construction of the HAARP facility is currently scheduled to be completed within six or seven years and presently it runs at about ten percent of projected power levels. See O'Harra, HAARP's Mixed Signals; Solid Research Or Menace To Alaskans, Anchorage Daily News (April 7, 1996).
As the Air Force originally explained, HAARP is aimed at studying the ionosphere, "with particular emphasis placed on being able to better understand and use it to enhance communications and surveillance systems for both civil and defense purposes." FEIS Vol. I at iii. As an example, one touted potential military benefit from the project is the development of a communication system for use with submerged submarines.
The Air Force, in the FEIS, detailed its view of the impacts of the project. The Air Force focused almost exclusively on the local and regional impacts of HAARP, primarily on things such as impacts to animals, degradation of air quality and vegetation loss due to construction activities. FEIS at 3-1 to 3-165. The Air Force deemed HAARP's effects to the atmosphere and biological effects to be non-existent or insignificant. See id; see also ROD at Table 2.4-1. The only admitted potentially significant impact is "interference to radio communication systems and electroexplosive devices during transmitting periods." Id.
In the years since the EIS process was completed, several groups and individuals have raised questions concerning the uses to which HAARP will be put and the likely effects flowing from those uses. Some of these assertions are set forth in a book, published in 1995, called Angels Don't Play This HAARP. Manning, Begich, Angels Don't Play This HAARP, Earthpulse Press (1995).1 In this book, the authors set forth a detailed and fully-referenced description of HAARP and its potential uses and effects. During the course of their research for the book, the authors found that, rather than the innocuous project described by the Air Force, HAARP represents a technology which could lead to a new class of weapons that could change our world profoundly - an all-purpose military tool. If misused, the tool could mess up the weather. It could be used against humanity in a way that would change what people think, believe and feel. . . . [HAARP could]:

• manipulate global weather;
• hurt ecosystems;
• knock out electronic communications; or
• change our moods and mental states.

A detailed recitation in this discussion of the assertions and facts contained in Angels Don't Play This HAARP would serve no useful purpose; the book stands on its own as a question mark affixed to the Air Force's contrary description of the uses and effects of HAARP.2 As set out below, this request is based upon questions and concerns about HAARP raised by facts surrounding both the Air Force's current intended uses for the project and scientific evidence raising questions about HAARP's effects.

III. The Air Force Should Supplement the HAARP EIS

The following discussion is organized into three sections. In the first section we set out the information, gathered since the completion of the FEIS, which suggests that substantial changes have been made to the purposes of the project as originally described and analyzed in the FEIS. These changes implicate environmental concerns with HAARP and require supplementation of the EIS.
In the second section we describe the significant new information concerning HAARP, information which is relevant to environmental concerns about the project. The data in this section also leads to the conclusion that the EIS must be supplemented.
Third, even if the Air Force does not determine that NEPA mandates it to supplement the EIS, it should do so voluntarily. As the Air Force is well aware, HAARP has resulted in a tremendous outpouring of concern about its purposes and potential effects. This controversy - well-founded in science or not - convincingly demonstrates that the public participation purposes of NEPA have not been satisfied. Thus, it is highly advisable for the Air Force to re-do the process, reaffirming its oft-stated position that HAARP is an open and above-board project and quelling the fears and concerns of so many people.

A. HAARP Has Undergone Substantial Changes

Again, as described by the Air Force, HAARP is a "scientific endeavor aimed at studying basic properties and behavior of the ionosphere, with particular emphasis placed on being able to better understand and use it to enhance communications and surveillance systems for both civil and defense purposes." (FEIS Vol. I at iii). As the Air Force has stated both in the ROD and FEIS, the environmental concerns which flow from this rather benignly-presented project are not significant. (See e.g., ROD at Table 2.4-1).
Clearly, the Air Force's treatment of HAARP has been less than confidence-building. For example, it is incongruous for the Air Force to conclude that no significant effects will flow from HAARP (with the exception of electromagnetic and radio frequency interference which the Air Force has pledged to mitigate when an EIS is required only for those federal actions which have a "significant impact on the quality of the human environment." 42 U.S.C. ' 4332(2)(C); compare 40 C.F.R. '' 1501.4(b), 1508.9 (1988) (EIS unnecessary for major federal action that does not significantly affect the environment). Certainly, the Air Force should recognize this incongruity and realize that it provides a reasonable basis for the public to question the accuracy of other assertions made by the Air Force.
In any event, plentiful evidence exists that raises questions about HAARP and its current and intended uses and effects. In 1994, for example, the Senate Committee on Armed Services stated the following in a report attached to its passage of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995: The committee is aware of the promising results of the high frequency active auroral research program (HAARP). This transmitter in Alaska, besides providing a world class research facility for ionospheric physics, could allow earth-penetrating tomography over most of the northern hemisphere. Such a capability would permit the detection and precise location of tunnels, shelters, and other underground shelters. The absence of such a capability has been noted as a serious weakness in the Department of Defense plans for precision attacks on hardened targets and for counterproliferation. 103d Congress, 2d session, Report 103-282 at 86 (June 14, 1994).The Armed Services Committee went on to state that it would condition future funds for a "full-scale HAARP facility" on the Department of Defense's commitment to exploring the counterproliferation possibilities of HAARP.
The very next year, the Committee on Appropriations recommended passage of the Department of Defense Appropriation Bill for 1996, with specific recommendation that the Senate include substantial monies for HAARP. 104th Congress, 1st session, Report 104-24 at 190 (July 28, 1995). This appropriation appeared under the heading "Counterproliferation support - advanced development."
Nowhere in the HAARP FEIS does the Air Force so much as mention, much less evaluate, the earth-penetrating tomography aspects of HAARP or its use for counterproliferation purposes. Indeed, the Index to the FEIS does not even contain a reference to these terms. (See FEIS Vol. I at 8-1.)
In response to a letter from a concerned citizen who raised this issue, the Air Force admitted that earth-penetrating tomography was "not specifically documented in the EIS" yet stated that this use is "within original design and operating parameters which have been identified in the FEIS." (Letter from John Heckscher, Air Force, to Arthur Gray, NTIA November 17, 1994). Given the total lack of reference to earth-penetrating tomography and counter-proliferation in the FEIS, this statement does not appear supported by the record. (See 40C.F.R.'1502.8 EIS' "shall be written in plain language . . . so that decisionmakers and the public can readily understand them"); 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.13 (agency shall "briefly specify the underlying purpose and need" of the proposed action). Indeed, given the attention focused on this specific application of HAARP and the substantial federal monies apparently dedicated to it, the Air Force should not so easily dismiss this issue.
In the same Senate Report referencing the counterproliferation purposes of HAARP, the Senate also recommended substantial appropriations for HAARP under the heading "advanced weapons." 104th Congress, 1st session, Report 104-24 at 190 (July 28, 1995). The Committee provided no explanation for this appropriation. Available literature on advanced weapons systems seems to support the ability of a HAARP-type facility to be used for these purposes. See e.g., International Committee of the Red Cross, Expert Meeting on Certain Weapons Systems and on Implementation Mechanisms in International Law (July 1994); see also Metz, Kievit, The Revolution In Military Affairs And Conflict Short Of War, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College at 9 (July 1994); Heating Up The Air Waves, Jane's Defense Weekly, Vol. 23, No.13; Hayeslip, Preszler, NIJ Initiative On Less-Than-Lethal Weapons, National Institute of Justice! at 16-18 (March 1993); Edwardson, The Right To Prevent The Commission Of International Crimes, International Health And Alternative Medicine Conference (October 9-10, 1993); Smith, Best, Electromagnetic Man, Chapter 10 (St. Martin's Press, N.Y. 1989).
Nevertheless, "advanced weaponry" is certainly not within the Air Force's claimed purposes for HAARP. See FEIS. Further, in several fora, the Air Force and other project participants repeatedly have assured the public that there is no "classified" aspect to HAARP. See e.g., Tape of Alaska State House of Representatives, Committee on State Affairs, HAARP Oversight Hearing (April 2, 1996); see also O'Harra, "HAARP's Mixed Signals; Solid Research Or Menace To Alaskans", Anchorage Daily News (April 7, 1996). Thus, if indeed there is an "advanced weaponry" aspect to HAARP, the Air Force's "open-project" pronouncements counsel that such use would be public knowledge.
Consequently, it appears that HAARP has indeed taken on a different direction than the Air Force originally reported. NEPA thus requires supplementation of the EIS to address these uses of HAARP and their effects on the environment. 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.9(c)(1)(i)

B. Significant New Information Exists Concerning HAARP

The question whether significant new circumstances or information will require EIS supplementation turns on several factors. These factors include the environmental significance of the circumstances or information, its probable accuracy and the degree to which the agency had considered the circumstances or information and evaluated its impact. See e.g., Warm Springs Dam Task Force v. Gribble, 621 F.2d 1017 (9th Cir. 1980).
Based on three draft and final reports concerning the Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) bioeffects of HAARP, the Air Force concluded in 1993 that there would be "[n]o bioeffects from RFR." (ROD at 9; see also FEIS Vol. I at 3-146, 3-149, 3-150.) The primary concern with non ionizing radiation such as RFR, as outlined by the Air Force, is the potential for "gross heating"; that is, heat produced at relatively high RFR intensities exceeding the thermoregulatory capabilities of a given animal and thus causing deleterious effects. See FEIS Vol. I at 3-147.
The Air Force also noted, however, that "[s]ome researchers have reported bioeffects at RFR levels below those giving rise to gross heating." The Air Force dismissed these effects because "such reports are not universally accepted by the large majority of the research community."
New scientific information, gathered since the 1992 date of the studies relied upon by the Air Force, strongly counsel that the Air Force rethink this conclusion and reexamine the bioeffects of HAARP. As an initial matter, it is important to note that while HAARP generates electromagnetic waves at frequencies "between approximately 3 kilohertz (kHz) and 300 gigahertz (Ghz)," (FEIS Vol. I at 3-146,4) it does have a secondary effect in the ELF range. (HAARP Research and Applications, A Joint Program of Phillips Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research, Executive Summary at June 6, 1995). Specifically, the Office of Naval Research stated that HAARP, "using the ionosphere as an active medium, can provide secondary radiation sources in the IR, visible, and ULF/ELF/VLF ranges."
A frequent scholar and renowned expert in the field of biophysics writes that "there is evidence from a number of studies that extremely low frequency (ELF) fields in the range 0-100 Hz and radiofrequency (RF) fields amplitude-modulated in this same ELF range . . . are involved in essential physiological functions in marine vertebrates, birds and mammals." Adey, W.R., "Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields", Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 51:410 at 410-411 (1993). Further, "evidence has mounted confirming occurrence of bioeffects of RM fields" in the low-frequency range. (see also Polk, Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Chapter 12 (2d ed. CRC Press, Fla. 1996); Litovitz, Montrose, Doinov, Brown and Barber, "Superimposing Spatially Coherent Electromagnetic Noise Inhibits Field Induced Abnormalities In Chick Embryos", Journal Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 15, No.2 at 105-113 (1994); Adey, Whispering Between Cells: Electromagnetic Fields And Regulatory Mechanisms In Tissue, Frontier Perspectives, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Fall 1993); Smith, Best, Electromagnetic Man, Chapter 10 (St. Martin's Press, N.Y. 1989).
Indeed, the Air Force itself, at least at some levels, is aware of the biological effects of ELF fields. For example, Dr. Cletus Kanavy, chief of the biological effects group of the Phillips Laboratory's Electromagnetic Effects Division at Kirkland Air Force Base in New Mexico has stated that "the entire issue of human interaction with electromagnetic (RF & microwave) radiation is...a major national population health concern." Biological Effects of Microwave Radiation: A White Paper, Microwave News at 12 (September/October 1993). Dr. Kanavy noted the "large amount of data [], both animal experimental and human clinical [], to support the existence of chronic, nonthermal effects." Id. These effects include behavioral aberrations, neural network perturbations, fetal (embryonic) tissue damage (inducing birth defects), cataractogenesis, altered blood chemistry, metabolic changes and suppression of the endocrine and immune systems.
Dr. Kanavy also notes that:

"[r]esearchers stress the chronic, nonthermal nature of these effects as opposed to acute exposure level thermal effects.6 Ample experimental evidence exists from credible researchers from well-established and highly regarded institutions, both government and university, to justify a national research program into the full spectrum of biological effects of electromagnetic radiation".

Further, the Air Force's reliance on standards established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to downplay the likelihood of adverse bioeffects, FEIS Vol. I at 3-149, is seriously misplaced. In discussing the IEEE and the issue of bioeffects, Dr. Kanavas states:

"The U.S. has lagged behind badly in this kind of research. Initially, the principal concern for human exposure to microwave radiation was that of thermal heating of the tissues. Permissive exposure limits were based on such criteria. These limits...are...derived by the...IEEE. Under IEEE, a blue-ribbon panel of experts periodically reviews the research database and assesses the need to revise the standards. Until 1991, these standards did not consider the possible biological effects of "pulsed" microwaves. The 1991 standards do address the pulse condition (rather shabbily, I believe), place [some] restrictions...and continue to use the continuous wave time averaging technique for thermal criteria. The existence of non-thermal effects is essentially denied by omission...The literature published in the late 1980s is abundant with information on nonthermal effects which are produced at levels below the [IEEE-derived] standards."

Perhaps the Air Force rejected full consideration and analysis of the biological effects of ELF fields in 1993 (when the Air Force issued its ROD for HAARP) due to the rather cutting-edge nature of then-available information. This excuse no longer exists. Scientific understanding of bioeffects has evolved now to the point where the Air Force can no longer deny its existence or simply dismiss this information as "not universally accepted by the large majority of the research community." FEIS Vol. I at 3-147. This is especially true when the Air Force's own expert states that bioeffects are a "major population health concern." White Paper at 12.
NEPA regulations mandate the preparation of a supplemental EIS when there "are significant new circumstances or information relevant to environmental concerns and bearing on the proposed action or its impacts." 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.9(c)(1). The scientific information on the bioeffects of ELF fields, coupled with the fact that HAARP causes ELF fields, mandates that the Air Force supplement the HAARP EIS.

C. NEPA Purposes Counsel Supplementation

The increasing controversy over the type and range of HAARP's effects and public concern and outright fear of the project, especially among those who live near the HAARP site, counsel that the Air Force reopen the EIS process, if only to quell these fears and concerns. Indeed, NEPA and its implementing regulations contemplate just this type of action. The Air Force "may also prepare supplements [if it] determines that the purposes of [NEPA] will be furthered by doing so." 40 C.F.R. ' 1502.9(c)(2). As described below, NEPA purposes would certainly be furthered by supplementing the EIS.
Congress established through NEPA that it is the policy of the federal government to "create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony." 42 U.S.C. ' 4331(a). The goals of NEPA, intended to further this policy, are to "place upon [a federal] agency the obligation to consider every significant aspect of the environmental impact of [a] proposed action [and to] ensure[] that the agency will inform the public that it has indeed considered environmental concerns in its decisionmaking process." Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. v. NRDC, 462 U.S. 87 (1983). An EIS, furthermore, "serves as an environmental full disclosure law, providing information which Congress thought the public should have concerning the particular environmental costs involved in a project." Silva v. Lynn, 482 F.2d 1282 (1st Cir. 1973); see also Sierra Club v. Hodel, 848 F.2d 1068, 1094 (10th Cir. 1988); City of Aurora v. Hunt, 749 F.2d 1457, 1465 (10th Cir. 1984).
As the CEQ states, "public scrutiny [is] essential to implementing NEPA" and "NEPA's purpose is not to generate paperwork -- even excellent paperwork -- but [rather] to foster excellent decisions." 40 C.F.R. ' 1500.1(b), (c). CEQ speaks to the importance of the public participation purposes of NEPA in various regulations. For example, the regulations provide that federal agencies "shall to the fullest extent possible . . . [e]ncourage and facilitate public involvement in decisions which affect the quality of the human environment." 40 C.F.R. ' 1500.2(d); see also 40 C.F.R. ' 1505.5(a) (agencies should make diligent efforts to involve the public).
Evidence of this concern emanates from Alaska, where some long-time members of the State legislature have stated that they have never had so many constituents voice fear and concern on one topic. (See e.g., Tape of Alaska State House of Representatives, Committee on State Affairs, HAARP Oversight Hearing, April 2, 1996); see also O'Harra, "HAARP's Mixed Signals; Solid Research Or Menace To Alaskans", Anchorage Daily News (April 7, 1996). In response to the concerns of their constituents, several members of the State Legislature have held oversight hearings on HAARP and stated that they would seek agreement from the Air Force for a thorough, public, review of the project.
Furthermore, significant public debate about HAARP has occurred in many other areas of the globe, including a significant debate played out on the internet over the last couple of years. See Att. A at F-11. Indeed, HAARP has been the subject of numerous documentary and investigative television programs aired in Canada, Great Britain, Japan and the United States. Additionally, radio talk shows have held innumerable programs focused on HAARP.
The vast majority of these programs have focused on the types of concerns expressed above; that the purposes and effects of HAARP were never fully disclosed and that the effects have the potential to be much more far-reaching than those noted in the FEIS.
In contrast, the EIS process resulted in comments from the public primarily focused on construction, physical presence and radio-interference effects of HAARP. See e.g. FEIS Vol. II, sec. 11.0. The commenting public was most concerned with issues such as gravel source, specific siting questions, impact on migrating birds and impact to communication and transportation from HAARP.
In the end, NEPA's integrity is tied to the participation of the public in the process. Sierra Club v. Hodel, 848 F.2d 1068 (10th Cir. 1988); Note, The Tenth Circuit Rediscovers NEPA's Public Participation Policies In Sierra Club v. Hodel, 30 Natural Resources J. 203, 215 (1988). While the Air Force may have made a good faith effort to further the purposes of NEPA through the EIS process, for whatever reason, intense controversy about the HAARP continues. Therefore, we request that the Air Force exercise its discretion to supplement the EIS through a NEPA process which addresses the concerns of the affected public.

IV. The Air Force Should Support Independent Review And Monitoring

Finally, regardless of whether the Air Force agrees to supplement the HAARP EIS, the Air Force should establish and support an independent review and monitoring effort for HAARP. This effort would be aimed at objectively confirming for the public the Air Force's representations about HAARP. In this manner, the concerned public's distrust and fear of HAARP could be directly confronted and diffused. An independent monitoring effort would result in increased confidence among both the local people, who must live with HAARP in their backyard, and those far away but who are concerned about the reach of HAARP, that it cannot and will not cause the biological and other effects of which they are so concerned.
Such a program need not be complicated. The purpose of the effort would be to independently verify that the HAARP facility is operating in the manner espoused by the project participants and to make independent determinations about whether the facility is operating with safe levels. This is exactly the type of program members of the State legislature have requested and is also supported by many concerned members of the public and the scientific community.
Specifically, the Air Force could work with the public, the State Legislature and perhaps the University of Alaska to convene a conference on HAARP. Different viewpoints could be represented at such a conference, which could then provide a foundation for an independent review and monitoring effort.
Finally, implementation of an independent monitoring program could also be relevant to whether or not a supplemental EIS is necessary. See e.g., Portland Audubon Soc'y v. Babbitt, 998 F.2d 705 (9th Cir. 1993); State of California v. Watt, 683 F.2d 1253 (9th Cir. 1982), rev'd on other grounds sub nom, Secretary of Interior v. State of California, 464 U.S. 312 (1983) (alternative agency procedures relevant to need to prepare a supplement to an EIS); New England Coalition on Nuclear Pollution v. Nuclear Regulatory Comm'n, 582 F.2d 87 (1st Cir. 1978) (same).

V. Conclusion

While seemingly benign if one were to look solely to the government's description of the purpose, use and effects of HAARP, information from the popular press, independent scientists and investigative researchers raises flags of caution. This information suggests that HAARP might be a government project with potential impacts on many levels, including far-reaching and little understood biological effects on humans and animals.
Despite the data supporting the claims of these project critics, the Air Force has not analyzed these admittedly Jules Verne-esque qualities or potentials of HAARP. Nevertheless, an evaluation of the history of the technology used in HAARP suggests the possibility of exactly these kind of uses for HAARP. To the extent that the government is either unknowingly or intentionally exploring and implicating these types of uses and effects of HAARP, HAARP represents a potentially significant global threat.
To be perfectly clear, we do not suggest by this request that the Air Force, the United States or other project proponents have intended to deceive or otherwise mislead the public about HAARP, its purposes and effects. The fact of the matter is, however, that there simply is not enough information about HAARP to answer all the questions raised and referenced above and in various other fora. Perhaps it is, as the ROD and FEIS suggest, an environmentally-benign project which may bring only beneficial effects to mankind. If this is the case, Alaska would rightfully be proud to be the site for such a worthy endeavor. On the other hand, significant controversy has surrounded the project since its inception and, as detailed above, the questions raised about HAARP have a reasonable basis in fact.
The continuing and serious questions about HAARP reveal that, regardless of the attempts of the Air Force to comply with the law and otherwise inform the public, these efforts have failed. Supplementing the EIS to address these concerns, and establishing an independent review and monitoring program to provide objective evidence of the Air Force's honesty and good faith, would go a long way in changing the current climate of uncertainty and mistrust.
Thank you very much for your careful consideration of this request. Given the rather lengthy time it can take for an agency to consider a request such as this, we would appreciate some indication of the time frame in which you feel it would be reasonable for us to expect a decision. For this purpose, and to direct any comments, questions or further information having to do with this request, please contact:

Biohazards of Extremely Low Frequencies (ELF)

In reporting on the HAARP project the issue of extremely low frequency (ELF) impacts on human health has been raised. The debate on the impact of ELF is still ongoing in international medical circles. However, recent research points to the fact that these frequencies when shaped and transferred to humans cause significant reactions. In our book, Angels Don't Play this HAARP: Advances in Tesla Technology, we explore some of these reactions.
HAARP is not the only system available for taking advantage of these new technologies. The military has developed smaller weapon systems for use in battlefield applications. These new weapons were disclosed in documents authored and compiled by the United States Air Force. The Air Force documents indicate that these weapons can be used for mind control, inducing heart attacks, causing electronic failures and creating computer malfunctions. More recently these new weapons have been revealed in International Red Cross documents and in other press reports. In a CBS - 60 Minutes broadcast on February 11, 1996 a report on some of these new systems was shown. The program discussed some of the effects of these new weapons which included disorientation and "flu-like symptoms".
This new classification of weapons has created some level of concern on the part of military planners in trying to find a way to introduce these systems. The United States Army has developed a concept called the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) which begins to unfold the weapons introduction plan. What this document points out is that many of these weapons will operate in a way which is in conflict with American values. The Army realizes that the conflict with our values exists and openly discusses the problem it presents. The Army then goes on to describe a number of ways to reshape those values so that these new weapons can be used. The basic problem, from this writers perspective, is that the U. S. Army's role in the American scene is not intended to "shape and form public values", rather it is supposed to "reflect" American values. The idea that any branch of government should see their role as one of setting the national ethic is wrong.
The United States military has taken advantage of the basic research which demonstrates the effects of various types of electromagnetic radiation. This research is being used for weapons development. These new technologies have been, in part, transferred to the United States Justice Department for use in domestic police actions. The technology transfers have been made over the last several years. Three conferences were held between 1985 and 1993 in order to gradually introduce the technologies. The last conference included discussions of pulsed radio frequency systems and was considered so sensitive that the entire meeting was classified by the Department of Defense and the program sponsor -- Los Alamos Laboratory. This last meeting has led to policy development which now permits technology transfers from the military to the United States Department of Justice.
There are a number of documented effects of these low levels of electromagnetic radiation. The effects can be positive or negative depending upon the intent of the operators. In Europe, and elsewhere, the use of these low levels of electromagnetic radiations are being applied to the development of very effective healing systems. In future articles we will be discussing the findings of researchers and clinicians who are using these new electromedical systems. Significant work has been done in nonsurgical applications for treating heart disease, cancer, diabetes and numerous other disorders. However, on the dark side of these technologies is the military. The Department of Defense uses the same basic information for developing weapons which attack health.
The use of these new weapons in altering and manipulating human brain functions is startling. In November, 1995, I asked Dr. Patrick Flanagan if there was a way to guard against low level radiations in the ELF range. These are the frequency ranges which can cause disruptions in the human brain. He considered the question and then described the following equipment configuration for use in a home or work place:

Dr. Flanagan suggested that a circuit be constructed. The system he described would start with a "white noise" generator. (These are available from organizations like the Sharper Image.) The white noise generator speaker would be disconnected and the speaker's wire leads would be connected to the input side of a power amplifier. The output side of that power amplifier would then be connected to an insulated copper wire which would be looped once around the area which was to be protected against ELF. This circuit would provide protection for low power density ELF signals. The purpose of the system is to create a situation where the ELF signals cannot "lock" onto biological systems -- like human beings. The effectiveness of the system would be based upon its actual construction and the ELF power levels in the area. The components for construction can be readily obtained from electronic supply houses and can be built by people skilled in electronics to assure that the components sizes match correctly.
While we realize that many people will not be able to construct these devices themselves we looked into the possibility of producing them. Dr. Flanagan has designed two systems. One for personal use has been designed which can be kept close to your body and kept with you throughout the day. The device does not have any physical effect on the user it only serves to dissipate radiations which would otherwise have a negative physical effect. This device is about the size of a cassette tape. A second device has been designed for use in the home. This device is intended to remain in the house or work location in a fixed position. Both of these devices will be made available in the next several months. The cost of the home unit will be about $300. The cost of the personal unit will be about $100.
It is also important to note is that this system will also guard against other ELF sources which may be present in the home which are created by appliances, power lines, etc.
If you have an interest in obtaining either of these devices we are maintaining an "interest file" for the release of the first production run on this device. Send a self addressed stamped envelope to the Earthpulse Press and when these units are available we will notify